As its name suggests, the ingredients of Pa Ping Top include one fish caught in the stream, along with two bulbs of shallot, two leaves of spring onion, a bunch of basil, two stalks of lemongrass, one chilli pepper, one ginger root, galangal root powder, powdered grilled rice, and cardamom root, which help the grilled fish dish spicier as well as boost its smell. Meanwhile, spices for this dish comprise “hat mac khen” (prickly ash seed – a type of pepper commonly used in dishes in the north western region), salt and flavourings. Riverside valleys surrounded by mountains have been Thai ethnic minorities’ favourite places of residence (Photo: VietnamPlus)